Agriculture Reviews

In the earlier days, there were fertile lands to cultivate and food was plentiful and inexpensive. Agriculture was the only main occupation for the mankind. Over the years, the scientific advancement in every sector and the advanced technology has opened a new way, providing plethora of opportunities to the humans. Agriculture manufacturers and suppliers in the Middle East countries like Kuwait, Dubai and Saudi Arabia are showing more interest to produce as well as secure food supplies.

The main crops in UAE are tomatoes, dates, melons, potatoes, citrus, fodder crops and melons. The incessant supply of underground water from the nearby mountains plus the plentiful rainfall helps the crops to grow. The other vegetables and commodities are imported from various countries to meet their food supplies and agriculture products needs. Government in Middle East countries are taking steps to encourage domestic production.

There are few hurdles to agriculture in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are lack of arable lands, extreme heat conditions, periodic locusts swarms and limited ground water supplies. The steps to increase the land under cultivation have resulted in the depletion of underground water. In addition to agriculture, fishing in the rich waters create livelihood for centuries along the coast.

With the help of technology, agriculture can be done with adequate water supply, thereby making farming sustainable and get the best agriculture products in Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The proper linking between the farming market and agriculture suppliers, agriculture manufacturers and exporters in Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia and Qatar to come up with the best deal to enhance food security without compromising on the quality of the agriculture products. Therefore, the low quality agriculture products will not be oversupplied in the market. Besides the increasing water scarcity will not be overstrained.

The food safety, environmental protection, high technology irrigation techniques and good agricultural practices will strengthen the agriculture in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Abu Dhabi. As the demands of agriculture products increase every year, the food supply volume from agriculture suppliers and manufacturers are expected to increase. Due to the immense development in Dubai and other neighbouring countries, the increase in population has given rise to rural areas, which are now slowly turning into a new city.

The mankind is entering a phase called a food gap, which is the difference between production and demand, could be more than double. Running a farm is a daunting task as it involves more complexities from weather and land to water.

Indian economy is growing faster owing to the industrial and agricultural sectors since the revolution. India has also shown its dominance and sustained growth in the service and manufacturing sectors as well. But primarily, India is a land of agriculture. Our forefathers were agriculturist. Almost seventy per cent of Indian population is engaged in agricultural practices either directly or indirectly. Earlier, traditional methods were used in agriculture; farmers were using bullock carts, and were sowing seeds manually. Nowadays, farmers have adopted modern tools and techniques in agriculture and are now able to produce double output. Modern agriculture includes implementation of various new technological and institutional factors like use of HYV quality seeds, improved ploughs & irrigation, fertilizers, tractors, harvesters, and other important inputs.

India is the largest producer of sugarcane, tea, cashew, coconuts, turmeric and black pepper and ranks second largest producer in terms of rice, wheat, groundnut and inland fish. Agriculture is the largest economic sector and plays a very important role in the overall socio-economic development of India. Agriculture and other allied sectors account around 16.6 per cent of the total GDP in the year 2007. Moreover, India produces around 10 per cent of the total world’s fruit production, ranking first in banana and sapota production.

Indian Government is taking measure of meeting agricultural requirements by way of introducing various schemes such as construction of rural go downs, strengthening of agricultural marketing infrastructure, developing information network, and grading & standardization. Further, Indian Government has also established the Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute for launching new techniques and procedures for the various agricultural experiments, data analysis and specializes in statistical implementations for cattle and plants breeding.

Ministry of Agriculture has been giving much emphasis on commercializing agricultural production in the country. Sufficient food production & distribution has been considered high priority and global issue. On the other side, the ministry is also emphasizing on practice of horticulture by way of NHM and dissmenting latest production techniques.

Farmers holds small piece of land of their ancestral properties and practice agriculture. The average size of holding by each state varies from 0.5 hectare (Kerala), 0.75 hectare (Tamil Nadu), 3 hectares (Maharashtra), 3.65 hectares (Rajasthan), 4.03 hectares (Punjab) and the highest of 7.28 hectare (Nagaland). Sizes and areas vary due to the natural factors such as rain, soil, climate, population and quality of land. The agricultural output also differs due to inadequate rainfall in a particular year.

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http://www.made-from-india.com/article/Agriculture-in-India-622.html

Agriculture has been backbone of Indian economy sine ancient times. Agriculture has been basic occupation for Indian people. Near about 70 percent of population in India is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. Plenty of fertile land is available in India. Fertile land is favorable for production of fruits, crops, minerals etc. Farmers take care of entire process of agriculture like sowing seeds, harvesting crops, watering, etc. The equipments used for plough, tractor, bullocks etc. Nowadays farmers are using modern technologies and equipments for agriculture purpose.
India is well known for its agriculture knowledge. People from different places come here to study agriculture science. Maximum revenue is generated from agriculture sector in India. Farmers in India are well soil, land fertility, quality of seeds, etc. Farmers have knowledge about what to produce and when. In recent past number of poor farmers are committing suicide due to improper cultivation and loss in the field. Government has introduces several schemes and concessions to farmers. Government is also providing education to farmers about how to increase the productivity of land. Initially farmers used the fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds un-proportionally which reduces the productivity of land. Now government is taking care that farmers are educated properly about every activities in farming. Government is taking-care that farmers receive good return from their cultivations.
In present scenario there are many places in India where agriculture is not given importance. People fail to understand the importance of this sector. Very few people select this field as career or occupation. In India farmers are manipulated by middlemens. They just look for commissions and income for themselves but forget the hard work of farmers. Even today in some places farmers are exploited by the landlords. The revenues from agriculture sector have increased after introduction of modern technologies in farming. Now government is also taking several measures to improve this sector. Many changes and improvements are required to increase the revenue generated from this sector.
In small region of India the system of landlords still exists. Farmers take loans from the landlords but fail to return it as less revenue is generated. As a penalty the landlords capture or takeover the land of farmers. Some of the drawbacks in Indian agriculture are improper irrigation facilities, scarcity of essential commodities, and low financial ability of farmers, non availability of quality seeds, fertilizer and chemicals. The result of these entire drawbacks is backwardness of agriculture in India. Considering the serious issued in agriculture sector government is taking several measures to improve the productivity of agriculture sector.

A new study says one-point-three billion tons of food are wasted or lost every year, causing significant harm to both the environment and the economy. The food losses occur as an estimated 870 million people go hungry every day.

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization says it has released the first study to analyze the impacts of global food wastage from an environmental perspective.

The report differentiates between food loss and food waste. Food loss is due to such things as poor harvesting, inadequate storage and transportation. Its more of a supply side issue. Food waste, meanwhile, comes on the demand-side during processing, distribution and consumption.

FAO Director-General Jose Graziano da Silva said, Every day, consumers, especially in the rich countries, waste almost as much food as the entire net food production of sub-Saharan Africa. The implication of this massive food waste for food security and sustainability is huge. If we reduce food loss and waste, we have more food available without the need to produce more and putting less pressure on natural resources.

The report Food Wastage Footprint: Impacts on Natural Resources says the amount of food that is produced, but not eaten, guzzles up a volume of water equivalent to the annual flow of Russias Volga River. That unconsumed food, it says, is also responsible for three-point-three billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions.

Developing countries suffer more food losses during agriculture production. But in high income regions, food waste at the retail and consumer level tends to be higher. Up to 40 percent of total wastage compared with only four to 16 percent in low income regions, he said.

Graziano da Silva added theres also the economic cost.

The food wastage means $750 billion every year. This impressive figure is the equivalent of the GDP of Switzerland.

Joining in the release of the new report is Achim Steiner, executive director of UNEP, the U.N. Environment Program. He called the $750 billion figure an extraordinary wake-up call for those thinking about food security and agriculture.

In that figure we may not even capture many of the more indirect impacts that are associated with degradation of natural resources. The impacts on climate change. The drivers that will cost perhaps not todays consumers of food, but tomorrows children and grandchildren, who have to run our economies and mange these impacts in ways that are economically not yet fully captured, said Steiner.

He emphasized the losses and waste do not only occur on land.

We again have phenomena where in many fishing fleets sometimes 20, 30, 50percent of the catch is thrown back into the sea. But it is not as if fish will happily continue to swim. Many of them will be dead and essentially no longer available either for consumption or indeed for maintaining the fish stocks of the world. So, we are really trying to address a phenomenon here today that concerns each and every one of us on the planet, he said.

He said the types of food being raised to meet the demands of growing economies are having a greater impact on the environment. More countries are adopting a Western style diet thats high in meat consumption. Livestock produce a lot of greenhouse gasses.

Our initiative with thinkeatsave.org is to reach out to literally citizens across all countries, all continents, in all sectors, to become part of addressing this phenomenon of wastage that simply is unnecessary, unacceptable and unsustainable in the 21st Century. We are all able to address this issue by becoming part of the solution, said Steiner.

Recommendations to reduce food loss and waste include raising awareness about the problems through media campaigns coordinating international initiatives and strategies and investing in public and private projects that reduce loss along the food chain from field to market to consumer.

The job market in Germany can be considered a little biased because more priority is given to German speakers in place of English speakers. Though English is considered as an essential language in many jobs that are being offered in Germany, but to ensure deep footings you have to have a complete know how of German language too.

Jobs in Munich, Germany

Many companies in Munich offer jobs for English speaking professionals. Companies like Expedia Inc which deals in press and communication, Frog Design, Red Hat, Apple, Microsoft Deutschland GmbH (Cloud Computing) sales consultant, Cisco systems and many more companies provide job opportunities to English speaking professionals. To give you an idea here is the sample of job description.

Company: Frog Design-Munich, Germany
Design and multi media- Senior Visual Designer
Job type: full time
Experience: 6-10 years
Education: Masters or equivalent
Language skills: German and English

Jobs in the rest of Germany

Germany provides wide range of job opportunities in a number of sectors. To start with, jobs in Finance sectors are abundant for English speaking professionals. Job seekers can apply as Sales representative, customer care executive, Personal Assistant, finance manager and legal secretary. In administration as well the applicants can apply as personal assistants and legal secretaries.

If you are looking for jobs in German banging sector, you have to be a strong bilingual for that. For securing a job in German banking, you need to have full command in both German and English language.
Jobs in telecommunication are also in abundance for English speaking job seekers. You can apply as Field service engineer, software developer for mobile device, sales engineer or wireless technical support engineer. Marketing sector has as well has a lot of opportunities for English speakers for instance you can be employed as sales representative, personal assistant, account manager or sales manager. Siemens, SAP Bosch, BMW, Deutsche Bank, BASF, Allianz, Diamler, Volkswagen and Bayer are some of the famous companies in Germany.

Taxation

Taxation in Germany is progressive in nature, higher payable taxes for higher income groups. Income tax in Germany is divided in to seven categories i-e income from businesses, self employed work, employed work, capital income, property income, agriculture/forestry and others. Tax rate is from 0-45%. Individuals who are residing in Germany are liable to pay tax, both income tax and tax on all sources of money that the individual earns from abroad.